From Conqueror to Compassionate Ruler
Upset with his violent conquests that killed hundreds of thousands, the Indian king Ashoka embraced Buddhism and treated his subjects humanely. Emperor Ashoka (304-232 BCE) stands as one of history's most remarkable transformations from a ruthless conqueror to a compassionate Buddhist ruler who prioritized moral governance over military might.
Following his successful but bloody conquest of the Kalinga country on the east coast, Ashoka renounced armed conquest and adopted a policy that he called "conquest by dharma" - a philosophy that would reshape his empire and influence Buddhist teachings for centuries to come.
The Kalinga War: A Turning Point
After a transformative experience during the bloody Kalinga War, which deeply affected him, Ashoka embraced the principles of Dhamma—a term encompassing moral truths and virtues derived from both Buddhism and broader ethical teachings. This pivotal moment marked the beginning of his spiritual journey and his commitment to non-violence.
Ashoka's Buddhist Legacy
As a Buddhist emperor, Ashoka believed that Buddhism is beneficial for all human beings, as well as animals and plants, so he built a number of stupas. He also well spread Buddhism to neighboring kingdoms. His dedication to the dharma extended beyond human welfare to encompass all living beings.
Ashoka is considered perhaps the greatest ruler of India. His empire nearly covered the entire sub-continent and he gave religious freedom to those of various faiths, reformed antiquated laws and the arts flourished under his leadership.
The Principles of Dhamma
Ashoka's dhamma was not merely a religious doctrine but a comprehensive ethical framework for governance and daily life. His edicts, carved in stone across the empire, outlined principles that remain relevant today.
Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
The protection of all living beings, ending unnecessary sacrifice and promoting compassion toward animals and humans alike.
Welfare of Subjects
Humans and animals were to be provided medical care throughout his territory, establishing hospitals and promoting public health.
Religious Tolerance
Respect for all religious traditions and the promotion of harmony between different faiths and communities.
Social Responsibility
Everyone should respect their parents, priests and monks, emphasizing moral conduct and social harmony.
Dharma Education
Every five years the monks would tour the empire to teach the Dharma, ensuring widespread moral education.
Just Governance
Fair administration of justice, accessibility to rulers and governance based on moral principles rather than mere power.